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| Titre : | Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760-1815 |
| Auteurs : | Gregory Fremont-Barnes |
| Type de document : | document électronique |
| Editeur : | [S.l.] : Greenwood, 2007 |
| ISBN/ISSN/EAN : | 978-0-313-33445-0 |
| Résumé : |
By giving rise to new ideologies that in time transformed the political structure of much of the world, the American and French Revolutions stand as two of the most important political events in global history. The American establishment of a Republican government, and the gradual expansion of democracy that ensued, altered traditional political and social thought, thus shaping the later French Revolution and creating the core ethic of later American political values. The Enlightenment ideals of the French Revolution, as later spread by the armies of Napoleon, dissolved most traditional European notions of political authority. This encyclopedia offers current, detailed information on the people, events, movements, and ideas that defined the revolutions in France and America, as well as in other parts of the world during the late eighteenth-century Age of Revolutions. Besides numerous entries on various countries of Europe whose histories were affected by the French Revolution, such as Austria, Belgium, Germany, Poland, and Russia, the many entries covering the people, events, groups, and ideologies of Revolutionary and Napoleonic France include the following: Civil Constitution of the Clergy, Georges Jacques Danton, The Directory, Guillotine, Josephine, Empress of France, Law of Suspects, The Mountain, Prairial Insurrection, Tennis Court Oath, White Terror. Besides various entries covering American colonies/states, such as Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Virginia, the numerous entries covering the figures, events, and ideologies of the American Revolution and Early Federal Period of the United States include the following: Abigail Adams, Boston Massacre, Constitutional Convention, William Franklin, Lexington and Concord, Actions at Loyalists, Massachusetts Government Act, Edmund Randolph, Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Finally, the encyclopedia offers various entries covering important revolutionary figures and movements that were active in other parts of the world during the period 1760-1815, including the following: Simon Bolivar, Dutch Revolutions, Haitian Revolution, Hispaniola, Latin American Revolutions, Mexican Revolution, Pugachev Rebellion, Toussaint l'Ouverture. Besides over 450 clearly written and highly informative entries, the encyclopedia also includes primary documents, a chronology, an extensive introductory essay, a bibliography, a guide to related topics, and a series of useful maps. ### From Booklist The political ideas expressed in the rhetoric and events of the French and American revolutions have had far-reaching┬árepercussions, changing the face and the definition of democracy worldwide. Beginning with the AmericansÔÇÖ bold assertion of ÔÇ£natural rights,ÔÇØ the original revolutionaries went on to put into practice principles espoused by the most liberal political thinkers. The subsequent upheaval in France, taking its cue from the American willingness to work toward utopian goals, lasted from the incipient stages of┬áits own revolution to the Battle of Waterloo, in 1815. In the process, European political thought and national structures were radically altered. That the reverberations of these two departures from previous political models are still resounding is made clear in this informed encyclopedia. Covering the historical and ideological landscape of Western Europe and its colonies from 1760 to 1815, this alphabetically organized work includes entries on philosophies, people, and events.┬áWritten by more than 80 contributors, most with university affiliations, the nearly 850 articles range in length from a half page to seven pages and┬áare uniformly written in a clear, scholarly prose, with some articles enhanced by beautifully clear black-and-white period reproductions.┬áRecommendations for further reading are listed after each article, as are cross-references.┬á Each volume begins with a list of entries, a list of primary source documents, a guide to related topics, and a set of pertinent maps. Volume 1 contains a detailed chronology, and volume┬á2 a detailed, precise index. The primary source documents┬áare reproduced in full in volume 2, following the main entries. The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions┬á(Congressional Quarterly, 1998) takes a more general approach. The writing style and┬ádegree of detail in the current work┬ámake it most suitable for serious students of the era, who will find it to be┬áan excellent source for understanding this period and┬áits extensive consequences. This title is also available as an e-book. --Ann Welton ### Review "In a broad sense, the age of revolutions began with the early tensions between America and Britain in the 1760s, and concluded with the conservative reactions to the revolutions of 1848. Revolutionaries, influenced by Enlightenment philosophies, attempted to overthrow or reform monarchies in favor of more liberal regimes and greater freedom, equality, and democracy. This work is a basic guide that emphasizes the revolutionary periods in America and France, the locations of the two most important and influential revolutions of the period. Essays focus on people, events, institutions, and ideas from the early years of George III through the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. Additional contributions cover the influence of these revolutions and wars in Europe and Latin America and address unrest in Poland, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. The essays, written by international contributors, range from two paragraphs to 10 pages. They are arranged alphabetically and provide clear description and analysis. Reading lists follow most entries, and a bibliography appears at the end of volume 2. The work includes a topical guide to the essays, chronology, subject index, maps, and primary documents related to France and America. Recommended. Lower-level undergraduates through faculty/researchers; general readers." * Choice "[S]uitable for serious students of the era, who will find it to be an excellent source for understanding the period and its extensive consequences." * Booklist |
